Castle Pines · FY2023 municipal finance benchmarks

Name: Castle Pines, CO municipal finance benchmarks
Creator: Orivian
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Douglas County · Denver Metro · home rule municipality · Pop. 15,583 (2025 estimate); FY2023 per-resident figures use 14,756 · Census finance data FY2016, FY2021, FY2023

Latest Census Bureau finance data for Castle Pines: FY2023. Retrieved Oct 2026. Newer years are added when the Census Bureau publishes them. Why the lag?

City website (opens in a new tab)

Fiscal yearCompare

FY2023 in brief

Castle Pines collected $1,755 per resident, 51% below the median of the 97 Colorado municipalities reporting that year. Tax revenue per resident sits 70% below its peers.

Generated from the figures below. Every number links to its Census source.

Compared with

Nearest on population, household income and region

Revenue per resident (definition)

$1,755

54% below peers

Peer median: $3,785
CO median · 97 with a published figure Median of the 97 Colorado municipalities with FY2023 Census finance data. In FY2016 and FY2021 the Census covers every municipality; in other years it surveys a sample, mostly larger cities.: $3,580
Position: Higher than 6% of the 97 reporting
5-year changenominal dollars: Not enough history for a 5-year change

How Colorado compares on revenue per resident

Expenditures per resident (definition)

$1,380

60% below peers

Peer median: $3,467
CO median · 91 with a published figure Median of the 91 Colorado municipalities with FY2023 Census finance data. In FY2016 and FY2021 the Census covers every municipality; in other years it surveys a sample, mostly larger cities.: $3,680
Position: Higher than 3% of the 91 reporting
5-year changenominal dollars: Not enough history for a 5-year change

Tax revenue per resident (definition)

$637

70% below peers

Peer median: $2,107
CO median · 90 with a published figure Median of the 90 Colorado municipalities with FY2023 Census finance data. In FY2016 and FY2021 the Census covers every municipality; in other years it surveys a sample, mostly larger cities.: $1,726
Position: Higher than 3% of the 90 reporting
5-year changenominal dollars: Not enough history for a 5-year change

Debt per resident (definition)

Peer median: Not reported for this year
CO median: Not reported for this year
Position: Not reported for this year
5-year change: Not reported for this year

How Colorado compares on debt per resident

How this number was calculated

Revenue per resident · $1,755

Reported by the city to the Census Bureau

1Metric
$1,755 Total revenue divided by population
= Total revenue ÷ population
Full definition: Revenue per resident
2Inputs
Total revenue $25.9M ÷ population 14,756 (2023 estimate)
3Census line items
- A03 Commercial activities (other) charges
- A61 Parks & recreation charges
- A89 General government (other) charges
- B89 Federal aid
- C89 State aid
- D89 Local government aid
- T01 Property tax
- T09 General sales tax
- T20 Licenses & permits
- T28 Licenses & permits
- T29 Licenses & permits
- U20 Interest earnings
- U30 Fines & forfeits
- U50 Private donations
- U99 Miscellaneous
4Source file
- Annual Survey of State & Local Government Finances 2024 - Individual Unit File
  Value for
  FY2023
  Survey file
  2024
  The 2024 Census survey covers fiscal years ending July 1, 2023 through June 30, 2024, so a fiscal year ending December 31, 2023 is FY2023.
  Retrieved October 12, 2026 · View source: Annual Survey of State & Local Government Finances 2024 - Individual Unit File (opens in a new tab)
- Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 - incorporated places
  Value for
  FY2023
  Source year
  2025
  Retrieved October 7, 2026 · View source: Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 - incorporated places (opens in a new tab)

What the numbers mean

Castle Pines relies on sales tax more than most Colorado municipalities. Tourism and regional retail can raise sales tax per resident because non-residents pay it.

Where the money comes from and where it goes

Per resident, FY2023. Bars show Castle Pines; the gold tick is the peer median. How categories work

The biggest difference from peers is General government: $375 per resident, 68% below the peer median. On the revenue side, sales tax is 62% below peers.

Money in

Revenue

$1,755

per resident54% below peers

Money in: Castle Pines revenue per resident by category, FY2023, against the peer median. Open a category for its lines and Census item codes.
Category	Per resident	Peer median	vs peers	Share of revenue
	$823	$260	3.2× peerspeers $260	47%

Miscellaneous $723 · peers $124 Interest earnings $45 · peers $164 Private donations $41 · peers $0 Fines & forfeits $14 · peers $11 Interest earnings, fines, rents, special assessments, donations and sales of property. Census line items U20 Interest earnings U30 Fines & forfeits U50 Private donations U99 Miscellaneous
	$529	$1,380	62% below peerspeers $1,380	30%

General sales tax $529 · peers $1,380 General sales and use tax. Census line items T09 General sales tax
	$181	$119	52% above peerspeers $119	10%

General government (other) charges $159 · peers $8 Commercial activities (other) charges $19 · peers $0 Parks & recreation charges $3 · peers $0 Charges for services such as sewer, trash, recreation, parking and airports. Census line items A03 Commercial activities (other) charges A61 Parks & recreation charges A89 General government (other) charges
	$114	$238	52% below peerspeers $238	6%

Local government aid $77 · peers $14 State aid $35 · peers $224 Federal aid $2 · peers $1 Grants and shared revenue from federal, state and local governments. Census line items B89 Federal aid C89 State aid D89 Local government aid
	$89	$376	76% below peerspeers $376	5%

Property tax $89 · peers $376 Property tax levied by the municipality. Census line items T01 Property tax
	$20	$313	94% below peerspeers $313	1%

Licenses & permits $20 · peers $154 Lodging, utility, tobacco and other selective sales taxes, licenses and permits, and other taxes. Census line items T20 Licenses & permits T28 Licenses & permits T29 Licenses & permits

Peer median of 5 peers · Colorado median of 97 reporting

Money out

Spending

$1,380

per resident60% below peers

Money out: Castle Pines spending per resident by category, FY2023, against the peer median. Open a category for its lines and Census item codes.
Category	Per resident	Peer median	vs peers	Share of spending
	$480	$308	56% above peerspeers $308	35%

Streets & highways $480 · peers $308 incl. $353 construction incl. $353 construction Streets and highways, transit, parking and airports. Census line items E44 Streets & highways F44 Streets & highways
	$375	$1,186	68% below peerspeers $1,186	27%

General government (other) $189 · peers $816 incl. $189 construction Central staff services $142 · peers $319 Financial administration $27 · peers $75 Judicial & legal $17 · peers $14 incl. $189 construction Administration, finance, legal and courts, public buildings and other general government. Census line items E23 Financial administration E25 Judicial & legal E29 Central staff services F89 General government (other)
	$314	$718	56% below peerspeers $718	23%

Parks & recreation $264 · peers $560 incl. $94 construction Housing & community development $49 · peers $131 incl. $94 construction Parks and recreation, libraries, housing and community development. Census line items E50 Housing & community development E61 Parks & recreation F61 Parks & recreation
	$25	$0	No peer comparisonpeers $0	2%

Commercial activities (other) $25 · peers $0 incl. $9 construction incl. $9 construction Commercial activities and functions outside the categories above. Census line items E03 Commercial activities (other) F03 Commercial activities (other)
	$2	$48	95% below peerspeers $48	<1%

Solid waste $2 · peers $9 Water, sewer, solid waste, electric and gas utilities, and natural resources. Census line items E81 Solid waste
None reported · peers $26	$0	$26	None reported	0%

Castle Pines reported nothing in this category for FY2023. Interest paid on the municipality's debt.
	Withheld Castle Pines · Public safety · FY2023 Reason: Police spending per resident is 17% of the peer median We don't publish figures that fail our quality checks until they're verified against the city's audited financial report.	$434	Withheldpeers $434	Withheld

Protective inspection & regulation $90 · peers $0 Police Withheld Castle Pines · Police · FY2023 Reason: Police spending per resident is 17% of the peer median We don't publish figures that fail our quality checks until they're verified against the city's audited financial report. · peers $398 Police, fire protection, inspection and corrections. Census line items E62 Police E66 Protective inspection & regulation

Peer median of 5 peers · Colorado median of 91 reporting

Castle Pines and its peers

The five Colorado municipalities nearest on population, median household income and region. Budget size isn’t a matching factor, so peers aren’t chosen on the figures being compared. Per resident, FY2023. How peers are chosen

Open in Compare

Castle Pines compared with its peer municipalities, FY2023, per resident
Municipality	Revenue	Expenditures	Tax revenue	Sales tax	Debt
Castle Pines	$1,755	$1,380	$637	$529	Not reported for this year
Greenwood VillageRegional hub: Sales tax per resident is 2.4× the Colorado median.	$4,470	$4,153	$3,807	$2,724	$3,663
SuperiorUtilities: City-owned utilities (water, electric, gas, transit) brought in 11.9% of total revenue in FY2023. Revenue and spending per resident include them, so cities that run their own utilities read higher than cities that don't.	$3,785	$3,467	$2,107	$1,378	$1,038
Lone TreeRegional hub: Sales tax per resident is 2.8× the Colorado median.	$5,157	$4,664	$3,564	$3,183	$551
Louisville	$2,701	$2,219	$2,069	$1,380	$62
FrederickUtilities: City-owned utilities (water, electric, gas, transit) brought in 11.3% of total revenue in FY2023. Revenue and spending per resident include them, so cities that run their own utilities read higher than cities that don't.	$1,796	$2,194	$1,290	$860	$170
Peer median	$3,785	$3,467	$2,107	$1,380	Not reported for this year

Utilities marks a municipality whose revenue and spending include city-owned utilities (water, electric, gas, transit), which raises its per-resident totals.

Regional hub marks a municipality whose sales tax per resident is at least 1.5× the Colorado median: a shopping or visitor hub where people who live elsewhere pay much of the sales tax.

Trends

Every available fiscal year. Lines break where a year is missing or withheld; nothing is interpolated.

This city
Peer median
Withheld (shown on the axis, no value)
Colorado median (Census of Governments years only)

Revenue per resident

Fiscal year · nominal dollars, not adjusted for inflation

FY2016 withheld: Revenue per resident is 32% of this city's typical level in other years

Peer group changed in FY2021, FY2023. Peers are matched each year, so the peer median can step when the group changes.

Show data table

Revenue per resident by fiscal year
Year	This city	Peer median	Colorado median
FY2016	Withheld (Revenue per resident is 32% of this city's typical level in other years)	Benchmark unavailable	$1,746 (224 reporting)
FY2021	$1,479	$3,797	$2,476 (227 reporting)
FY2023	$1,755	$3,785	$3,580 (97 reporting, sample year)

Expenditures per resident

Fiscal year · nominal dollars, not adjusted for inflation

Census definition change: Excludes equipment purchases and payments to other governments, which Census stopped reporting after FY2021.

Peer group changed in FY2021, FY2023. Peers are matched each year, so the peer median can step when the group changes.

Show data table

Expenditures per resident by fiscal year
Year	This city	Peer median	Colorado median
FY2016	$700	$2,735	$1,749 (196 reporting)
FY2021	$1,013	$2,599	$2,208 (220 reporting)
FY2023	$1,380	$3,467	$3,680 (91 reporting, sample year)

Tax revenue per resident

Fiscal year · nominal dollars, not adjusted for inflation

Peer group changed in FY2021, FY2023. Peers are matched each year, so the peer median can step when the group changes.

Show data table

Tax revenue per resident by fiscal year
Year	This city	Peer median	Colorado median
FY2016	$385	$1,416	$705 (193 reporting)
FY2021	$914	$1,577	$1,072 (201 reporting)
FY2023	$637	$2,107	$1,726 (90 reporting, sample year)

Questions about Castle Pines’s finances

How much revenue does Castle Pines collect per resident?: Castle Pines collected $1,755 per resident in FY2023, 51% below the median of the 97 Colorado municipalities reporting that year. See the figure
How does Castle Pines's spending per resident compare with similar cities?: Castle Pines spent $1,380 per resident in FY2023, 60% below the median of its peers: Greenwood Village, Superior, Lone Tree, Louisville and Frederick. See the figure
Which cities is Castle Pines compared with?: Castle Pines is compared with Greenwood Village, Superior, Lone Tree, Louisville and Frederick: the Colorado municipalities nearest to it on population, median household income and region. Budget size isn't used, so peers aren't chosen on the figures being compared. See the peer table
Where do these numbers come from?: From the U.S. Census Bureau's Annual Survey of State and Local Government Finances, as each government reported its own fiscal year, divided by Census population estimates. Figures that fail quality checks are withheld rather than shown. Sources and methodology

Community context

American Community Survey 5-year estimates and Census population estimates. Where the selected year isn’t available, the nearest earlier year is shown and labeled.

Population growth (5-yr): +6.5%/yr; 2023 estimate
Median household income: $189.9K; 2023 estimate
Poverty rate: 4.7%; 2023 estimate
Median home value: $827.9K; 2023 estimate
Housing vacancy rate: 2.3%; 2023 estimate

Explore further

Also in Denver Metro

Greenwood Village$4,470 · FY2023
Lone Tree$5,157 · FY2023
Federal Heights$1,820 · FY2023
Superior$3,785 · FY2023
Golden$2,918 · FY2023
Louisville$2,701 · FY2023
Cherry Hills Village$6,787 · FY2023
Sheridan$5,680 · FY2023

Revenue per resident, latest published year.

Sources

American Community Survey 5-year estimates 2019-2023 · 2023
U.S. Census Bureau
Retrieved October 7, 2026View source: American Community Survey 5-year estimates 2019-2023 (opens in a new tab)
Annual Survey of State & Local Government Finances 2024 - Individual Unit File · 2024 survey file
U.S. Census Bureau
Retrieved October 12, 2026View source: Annual Survey of State & Local Government Finances 2024 - Individual Unit File (opens in a new tab)
Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 - incorporated places · 2025
U.S. Census Bureau
Retrieved October 7, 2026View source: Population Estimates Program, Vintage 2025 - incorporated places (opens in a new tab)

Dataset: Castle Pines, CO municipal finance benchmarks

Free to reuse under CC BY 4.0 (opens in a new tab). Please credit “Source: Orivian Municipal Index, orivian.ai/benchmarks”. See the data use terms.

Notes: dollars are nominal (not inflation-adjusted). Colorado medians cover the municipalities reporting that year. Peers: nearest on population, income and region. Definitions: orivian.ai/benchmarks/methodology.Retrieved October 12, 2026 from orivian.ai/benchmarks.

Every figure on this page is read from the published index; nothing is recalculated for display. Read the methodology

General government is Castle Pines’s largest difference from its peers (68% below the peer median in FY2023). See how that line moves month to month in your own budget-vs-actual.

Orivian applies the same sourced, governed approach to your city's own budget-vs-actual data.

See how it works Talk to us

Castle Pines · FY2023 municipal finance benchmarks

FY2023 in brief

FY2023 headline figures

Revenue per resident (definition)

Expenditures per resident (definition)

Tax revenue per resident (definition)

Debt per resident (definition)

How this number was calculated

What the numbers mean

Where the money comes from and where it goes

Money in

Money out

Castle Pines and its peers

Trends

Questions about Castle Pines’s finances

Community context

Explore further

Also in Denver Metro

Sources

General government is Castle Pines’s largest difference from its peers (68% below the peer median in FY2023). See how that line moves month to month in your own budget-vs-actual.